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\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09a6 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09a6\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c3\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2: \u09e7<\/p>\n<p><strong>President Iskander Mirza\u2019s Declaration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Three weeks ago, I imposed Martial Law in Pakistan and appointed General Mohd Ayub Khan as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and as Chief Martial Law Administrator. By the grace of God this measure which I had adopted in the interest of our beloved country has been extremely well received by our people and by our friends and well wishers abroad.<\/p>\n<p>Since the imposition of Martial Law I have done my best to assist General Ayub Khan and his administration in the difficult task of arresting further deterioration and bringing order out of chaos.<\/p>\n<p>In our efforts to evolve an effective structure for future administration of this country and based on our experience of the last three weeks, I have come to the conclusion that:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9829\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9829\" style=\"width: 278px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9829 \" src=\"https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u09ab\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09be-\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b9-224x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u09ab\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09be-\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b9-224x300.png 224w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u09ab\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09be-\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b9.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9829\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09ab\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09be \u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>(a) Any semblance of dual control is likely to hamper the effective performance of this immense task which is of an emergent nature.<\/p>\n<p>An unfortunate impression exists in the minds of a great many people both at home and abroad that General Ayub and I may not always act in unison. Such an impression, I cannot help feeling, if allowed to continue, would be most damaging to our cause. I have, therefore, decided to step aside and hand over all powers to General Ayub Khan.<\/p>\n<p>I wish General Ayub Khan and his colleagues the best of luck.<\/p>\n<p>PAKISTAN PAINDABAD<\/p>\n<p>President of Pakistan<\/p>\n<p>KARACHI<\/p>\n<p>27<sup>th<\/sup> October 1958<\/p>\n<p>\u09ac\u09c7\u0997\u09ae \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u099c \u0997\u09c1\u099b\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u099b\u09df\u099f\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u099c\u09b8\u09b9 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09bf\u0986\u0987-\u098f\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 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\u0986\u099a\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09e9 \u09a8\u09ad\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 (\u09e7\u09ef\u09eb\u09ee) \u098f\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a8 \u0997\u09cb\u09df\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be \u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0983 Iskander Mirza, recently deposed Pakistan President and Begum Mirza departed from Karachi for London 10 p.m. November 2 via KLM flight 864&#8230;. Mirzas had access to nothing after notification [of his ouster]. They were denied privilege of telephoning even their relatives, could write no messages and were not allowed to lock their own bags. In Quetta they were kept prisoners in government house. They were not allowed to see anyone&#8230;. Baggage they took with them to London had been packed by the Ispahanis. The Mirzas paid for their own transportation. They were made to pay ten rupees each for their passports. They were harassed by being told frequently during their stay at Quetta to pack their spare belongings to be ready to leave, only to be told subsequently there had been a mistake.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9833\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9833\" style=\"width: 509px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9833 \" src=\"https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0986\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2-\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0-1-300x169.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"509\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0986\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2-\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0986\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2-\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0-1-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0986\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2-\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0-1-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0986\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2-\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0-1-600x337.webp 600w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0986\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2-\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0-1.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9833\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0986\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2 \u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Cawthorn personally escorted the Mirzas aboard their plane. No high placed army personnel or officer of the new regime saw them during their stop over in Karachi. A Brigadier was in charge of their army custodians while they were in Karachi. \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u09a6\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09df\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09aa\u09a6\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09b8 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09be\u09b2 \u0986\u09b8\u0997\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u00d4Generals in Politics: 1958-62\u2019 \u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u0995 \u09ac\u0987\u09df\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8- He [Ayub] then called a meeting of the ambassadors of foreign countries and members of his cabinet. It was about 11.30 pm. when everyone had assembled and Ayub Khan told them of the action that he had taken and explained briefly the reasons that necessitated his doing so. There was no reaction from any of them except the United States Ambassador and the High Commissioner for Australia, Major General Cawthorn. The US Ambassador reacted sharply to the news and asked Ayub Khan some pointed questions about the action that he had taken and the safety of Iskander Mirza. He enquired about the plans he had for the former President and wanted to know how he would be treated. Ayub Khan appeared upset at the manner in which the United States Ambassador had spoken and said that Iskander Mirza would be treated well and was being sent to Quetta early next morning where he would stay for a few days. Cawthorn, who had served in the British Indian Army and later the Pakistan Army was a personal friend of Iskander Mirza and he too expressed anxiety about his safety.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u0995\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u09a6\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09dc\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u0996\u09b6\u09c0\u09b6 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b2\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09b9\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b2\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3 \u09b2\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0982\u099f\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09ad\u09be\u09dc\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u0987\u09df\u09c2\u09ac \u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u0997\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c0 \u0993 \u0997\u09a3\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c0 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cb\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099b\u09be\u09dc\u09be \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0997\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09dc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b9 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ef \u09a8\u09ad\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 (\u09e7\u09ef\u09eb\u09ee) \u09aa\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09df\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0983 I trusted the Army and the military honour of General Ayub. This was an error of judgement, and people who get on top and misjudge as I did have no right to complain and deserve what they get. This is the end of an episode as far as I am concerned. Individuals don&#8217;t count: it is the country which matters. Pakistan, as you know is in serious economic difficulties. I had long talks with that esteemable gentleman and financial expert, Mr. Black when he was in Pakistan. If you have any influence please request him from me to help Pakistan as he intended to do.<\/p>\n<p>My plans are not 100% certain. I think I will settle down in London. I must try and get a job to supplement my pension in order to have modest comfort. I am trying but it is not easy.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09df\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 `From Palassy to Pakistan. The Family History of Iskander Mirza \u2013 The First President of Pakistan\u2019 M\u00d6\u2021\u0161\u2019 D\u2021j\u00f8L K\u2021ib, \u00d2During the early days of Pakistan, Major General Sir Walter Cawthorn was Iskander Mirza\u2019s Deputy Chief of Staff at the Defence Ministry. His wisdom and good judgement were invaluable in building Pakistan\u2019s armed forces. During the Second World War, he had been head of military intelligence in the Middle East before coming to Pakistan. After he left Pakistan\u2019s service, he joined the Australian Diplomatic Service returning as Australia\u2019s High Commissioner. Both he and US Ambassador Langley made repeated calls on Ayub and maintained pressure on him to ensure that no physical harm came to Iskander Mirza. Without their efforts, it is quite possible that the Generals would have arranged a convenient accident to kill the unfortunate President.\u201d\u09eb<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9834\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9834\" style=\"width: 348px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9834 \" src=\"https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u09b9\u09cb\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8_\u09b6\u09b9\u09c0\u09a6_\u09b8\u09cb\u09b9\u09cd_\u09b0\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"348\" height=\"465\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9834\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09b9\u09cb\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b6\u09b9\u09c0\u09a6 \u09b8\u09cb\u09b9\u09b0\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be 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\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09aa\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0986\u0987\u09df\u09c1\u09ac \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u0997\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c0 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b9\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u0986\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 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\u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09aa\u09a6\u09c7 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099c\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u0995 \u0997\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09df \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7\u0987\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u0997\u09a3 \u0997\u09a3\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09df\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 `Democracy without education is autocracy without limitation\u2019|<\/p>\n<p>\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 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\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e8\u09ec \u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09a4\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u0996\u09be\u099c\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0986\u09b9\u09ae\u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b9\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09ab\u09b0\u09c1\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b9 \u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u099a\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09df\u0993 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8- The problems created by your personal enemies including the Mullahs, if not dealt with firmly and now, will destroy the administration and the country. Lately I have been sending my own intelligence men to meetings, etc. in Karachi-the abuses hurled on you and the government are of such a violent and offensive nature that the prestige of the Government in Karachi to-day is at its lowest ebb. What the feeling is in the capital to-day will be the feeling in the whole country tomorrow. Such a thing as loyalty and teamwork does not exist in your Government, both in the Centre and in the Provinces. By want of action and Government directive, encouragement is being given to all disloyal elements and selfish and dishonest careerists.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9841\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9841\" style=\"width: 556px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9841 \" src=\"https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bongobondhu-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"556\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bongobondhu-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bongobondhu-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bongobondhu-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bongobondhu-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bongobondhu-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bongobondhu.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9841\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09ac\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b6\u09c7\u0996 \u09ae\u09c1\u099c\u09bf\u09ac\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Though I am not a very religious man, I have the greatest respect for your religious beliefs and realize your hesitation and dislike for vigorous action against those persons who are working against you in the garb of religion. But is it religion to destroy the very foundation of the administration of the premier Muslim state? In Cairo, Sir Zafrullah Khan is being received with the utmost honour and respect. He is also meeting the heads of all the Arab countries where he has a very high reputation. Whereas in Karachi he is being abused in public meetings and his photographs are being spat upon. Last night he has been cartooned with a Donkey&#8217;s body. Can anybody say all this is not being reported to all foreign Capitals? What then is the position of Pakistan today internationally? &#8211; and you can imagine the disgust created by all this.<sup>6<\/sup> \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09df\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, Iskander mirza was a bitter foe of Islamic fundamentalism. During Nazimuddin&#8217;s premiership, when fundamentalism was at its peak, he took decisive action against the mullahs. He firmly believed that if the mullahs were given a free hand, Pakistan would slide into anarchy. In fact, he made his entry into the political arena on this platform. Even in East Pakistan where Islamic fundamentalism overshadowed communism imported from Calcutta, Iskander Mirza was cautious about using religion to counter the communist threat. Though this was a tempting option, he refrained from using it lest he enhanced the mullahs credibility. Strictly speaking, there are no mullahs in Islam; thus, there is no religious basis for their claim that, under an Islamic constitution, they must be given a hand in running the affairs of state.<sup>7<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09dc\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b2\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u0996\u09be\u099f \u09b9\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u0986\u09df \u09b9\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7 \u09e9\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u09aa\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a8\u09b6\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u098f\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u09df\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09c7\u09a8\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b2\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8\u0964 \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c0, \u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09be\u09b9 \u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09ac\u09c0, \u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u0995\u09c7\u09aa, \u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09b9\u09bf\u0989\u09ae \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09df\u09c7\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09df \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u0995\u09a4\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a3 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u09aa\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09df\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09df\u0964<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9843\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9843\" style=\"width: 336px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9843 \" src=\"https:\/\/sarakhon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0997\u09be\u09ab\u09ab\u09be\u09b0-\u0996\u09be\u09a8-\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09b6\u09be-\u0996\u09be\u09a8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"371\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9843\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0997\u09be\u09ab\u09ab\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8- During a cabinet meeting chaired by Ayub, an aide brought the news that the former President had been admitted to a London hospital after a heart attack. Ayub turned to his Finance Minister, Shoaib, and ordered him to send \u00a3500 to help Iskander Mirza with his expenses. When Shoaib, with his characteristic clerical mentality, responded that he would send the money as soon as the family came up with an equivalent amount in rupees, Ayub, flushed with anger barked, &#8220;You send the money forthwith and do not trouble the family.&#8221; While in the hospital in London, the Iranian Ambassador Ardeshir Zahedi visited Iskander Mirza frequently. On one such occasion, as he approached his room, he overheard the former President tell Nahid, &#8220;We cannot afford medical treatment, so just let me die.&#8221; The Ambassador was so overcome with emotion, that he turned away without visiting his friend. On another occasion, when Lord Hume, then Foreign Secretary, saw Iskander Mirza walking down Brompton Road with a laundry bag in his hand, he stopped his car and offered him a lift, because the former President of Pakistan could not afford the taxi fare.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be \u09e7\u09ef\u09ec\u09ef \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e7\u09e9 \u09a8\u09ad\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b2 \u0987\u09df\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0996\u09be\u09a8\u0964 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